參賽方法/Participation Method:

• 於比賽日期及指定時間內，完成線上登記參賽。

• 登記後，系統將在5個工作日內發送確認郵件及聯絡信息，提供參賽系統的登入賬戶與密碼。

• 在比賽指定時間內，進入比賽網站並點擊比賽入口開始答題。

• 進入題目區域後開始作答，每位參賽者僅限作答一次。

• 成績將於公佈日期透過電子郵件及電話通知，並同步至官網及官方社交媒體平台。

• 若需申請成績或獎項證書，請在獎項申請階段完成登記。

​

• Register online during the designated competition date and time.

• Within three working days, the system will send a confirmation email and contact information, providing the login account and password for the competition system.

• Access the competition portal on the designated website during the specified time to begin the test.

• Once in the question section, participants may start answering. Each participant is allowed only one attempt.

• Final results will be announced on the designated date via email and phone notifications and will also be published on the official website and social media platforms.

• If a certificate of results or awards is required, please complete the registration during the award application process.

題目範圍/Scope of Topics

本次 2025 科學大賽，題目範圍廣泛，全面覆蓋科學領域多個重要板塊，從基礎知識考查到高階的技術分析及難題解讀，旨在充分挖掘參賽者的科學潛能，展現科學知識的深度與廣度，具體內容如下：

一、基礎知識

（一）數學基礎

1. 數與代數：熟練掌握整數、小數、分數的四則運算，包括混合運算中的運算順序與簡便演算法。深入理解二進位、十進位、十六進制等數制，能夠精准實現不同數制間的轉換，如將十六進制數高效轉換為二進位和十進位，並能在實際情境中靈活運用數制知識，解決如電腦編碼、數據存儲等相關問題。

2. 代數式與方程：清晰辨析整式、分式、根式等代數式的概念與運算規則，能夠準確進行代數式的化簡、求值。深刻理解方程與方程組的內涵，熟練運用一元一次方程、二元一次方程組、一元二次方程等常見方程模型解決實際應用問題，例如通過構建方程求解行程問題、工程問題、銷售利潤問題中的未知量。

3. 函數基礎：精准把握函數的基本概念，包括定義域、值域、對應關係等要素。深入學習一次函數、二次函數、反比例函數的運算式、圖象特徵及性質，能夠根據函數的性質分析實際問題中的數量變化關係，如利用二次函數的最值性質解決優化問題，通過一次函數的單調性分析線性變化趨勢。

（二）物理基礎

1. 力學：透徹理解力的概念、力的合成與分解，掌握牛頓運動定律，能夠運用這些知識分析物體的受力情況和運動狀態，如解決物體在斜面上的運動、平拋運動等問題。

2. 熱學：熟悉溫度、熱量、內能等概念，掌握熱力學第一定律和第二定律，瞭解熱傳遞的三種方式（傳導、對流、輻射），能夠分析熱現象和解決相關問題，如計算物體吸收或放出的熱量、分析熱機的效率。

3. 電磁學：掌握電場、磁場的基本概念和性質，理解電磁感應現象和楞次定律，能夠運用電磁學知識解決相關問題，如分析電路中的電流、電壓、電阻關係，計算電磁感應中的電動勢。

4. 光學：瞭解光的直線傳播、反射、折射等現象，掌握光的波動性和粒子性，能夠運用光學知識解決相關問題，如分析透鏡成像、光的干涉和衍射現象。

（三）化學基礎

1. 化學基本概念：清晰理解原子、分子、離子等基本概念，掌握元素週期表的結構和元素週期律，能夠運用這些知識分析元素的性質和化合物的組成。

2. 化學反應原理：熟悉化學反應速率和化學平衡的概念，掌握影響化學反應速率和化學平衡的因素，能夠運用化學反應原理解決相關問題，如計算化學反應的速率、判斷化學平衡的移動方向。

3. 化學實驗：掌握化學實驗的基本操作技能，如儀器的使用、藥品的取用、實驗數據的記錄和處理等，能夠設計和實施簡單的化學實驗，如製備氣體、分離混合物、檢驗物質的性質。

（四）生物學基礎

1. 細胞生物學：透徹理解細胞的結構和功能，掌握細胞的代謝、增殖、分化和凋亡等過程，能夠運用細胞生物學知識分析生命現象，如細胞呼吸、光合作用、細胞週期的調控。

2. 遺傳學：熟悉遺傳的基本規律，如孟德爾遺傳定律、基因的連鎖與交換定律等，掌握遺傳資訊的傳遞和表達過程，能夠運用遺傳學知識解決相關問題，如遺傳系譜圖的分析、基因工程的應用。

3. 生態學：瞭解生態系統的結構和功能，掌握生態系統的能量流動、物質迴圈和資訊傳遞等過程，能夠運用生態學知識分析生態問題，如生態系統的穩定性、生物多樣性的保護。
    

二、科學方法與思想

（一）邏輯推理

1. 演繹推理：嚴格遵循演繹推理的規則，從已知的定義、定理、公理出發，通過逐步推導得出結論。能夠準確運用三段論等推理形式進行證明，如在物理證明中，根據給定的條件和已有的物理定理，有條理地推導出所需證明的命題。

2. 歸納推理與類比推理：善於通過對一系列具體事例的觀察、分析，歸納總結出一般性的規律或結論，如通過對多個化學反應的觀察，歸納出化學反應的類型和規律。同時，能夠運用類比推理的方法，根據兩類對象在某些方面的相似性，推測它們在其他方面也可能具有相似的性質，如將地球的生態系統類比到其他星球的生態系統。

（二）科學建模

1. 模型構建：面對實際問題，能夠敏銳地分析問題中的數量關係和空間形式，選擇合適的科學模型進行刻畫，如利用物理模型描述物體的運動、用化學模型分析化學反應的過程、通過生物模型研究生物的生長和繁殖。

2. 模型求解與驗證：熟練運用所學科學知識對構建的模型進行求解，得到問題的理論解。並能夠將理論解代入實際情境中進行驗證，檢驗模型的合理性與有效性，根據驗證結果對模型進行調整和優化，確保模型能夠準確反映實際問題。

（三）科學探究

1. 提出問題：能夠從實際生活或科學研究中發現問題，並提出具有科學性和可行性的研究問題。

2. 作出假設：根據已有的知識和經驗，對研究問題作出合理的假設。

3. 設計實驗：能夠根據研究問題和假設，設計出合理的實驗方案，包括實驗材料的選擇、實驗步驟的安排、實驗數據的採集和分析方法等。

4. 進行實驗：能夠按照實驗方案進行實驗操作，準確採集實驗數據，並對實驗數據進行整理和分析。

5. 得出結論：能夠根據實驗數據和分析結果，得出科學結論，並對結論進行解釋和討論。

6. 反思與評價：能夠對實驗過程和結果進行反思和評價，總結經驗教訓，提出改進措施和進一步研究的方向。
    

三、高階知識與應用

（一）物理學前沿

1. 量子力學：瞭解量子力學的基本概念和原理，如量子態、波粒二象性、不確定性原理等，能夠運用量子力學知識分析微觀世界的現象和規律，如原子結構、量子計算。

2. 相對論：掌握狹義相對論和廣義相對論的基本原理，如時間膨脹、長度收縮、引力場等，能夠運用相對論知識分析高速運動和強引力場中的現象和規律，如宇宙學、黑洞。

3. 凝聚態物理：瞭解凝聚態物理的基本概念和研究方法，如晶體結構、電子態、超導現象等，能夠運用凝聚態物理知識分析材料的物理性質和應用，如半導體、超導體。

（二）化學前沿

1. 材料化學：瞭解材料化學的基本概念和研究方法，如材料的合成、結構與性能的關係等，能夠運用材料化學知識設計和製備新型材料，如納米材料、複合材料。

2. 生物化學：掌握生物化學的基本概念和研究方法，如蛋白質、核酸、酶等生物大分子的結構與功能，能夠運用生物化學知識分析生命過程中的化學反應和調控機制，如基因表達、代謝調控。

3. 環境化學：瞭解環境化學的基本概念和研究方法，如環境污染的來源、遷移和轉化規律等，能夠運用環境化學知識分析環境問題和提出解決方案，如大氣污染、水污染、土壤污染。

（三）生物學前沿

1. 分子生物學：掌握分子生物學的基本概念和研究方法，如 DNA 複製、轉錄、翻譯等過程，能夠運用分子生物學知識分析基因的結構和功能，如基因編輯、基因治療。

2. 細胞生物學：瞭解細胞生物學的最新研究進展，如細胞信號轉導、細胞凋亡、幹細胞等，能夠運用細胞生物學知識分析細胞的生命活動和調控機制，如癌症的發生與治療。

3. 生態學：掌握生態學的最新研究進展，如生態系統的服務功能、生物多樣性的保護與利用等，能夠運用生態學知識分析生態問題和提出解決方案，如氣候變化、生態修復。

（四）科學與社會

1. 科學技術與社會發展：瞭解科學技術對社會發展的影響，如工業革命、資訊技術革命等，能夠分析科學技術在經濟、文化、教育等領域的應用和作用，如科技創新、科技政策。

2. 科學倫理與道德：瞭解科學倫理與道德的基本概念和原則，如科研誠信、動物實驗倫理等，能夠分析科學研究中的倫理問題和道德困境，如基因編輯的倫理問題、人類胚胎幹細胞研究的倫理問題。

3. 科學教育與普及：瞭解科學教育與普及的重要性和方法，如科學課程設計、科學傳播等，能夠分析科學教育與普及中的問題和挑戰，如提高公眾科學素養、培養科學人才。
    

四、挑戰題與創新思維

（一）開放性問題

1. 問題探索：設置具有開放性的科學問題，要求參賽者從不同角度進行思考與探索，提出多種可能的解決方案或結論。例如，給定一個科學情境，探索其中可能存在的科學規律、關係或模型，鼓勵參賽者發揮創新思維，不拘泥於傳統的解題思路，嘗試新的方法和途徑。

2. 方案設計：提出實際應用場景下的開放性任務，如設計一個城市交通流量優化方案、規劃一個生態園區的佈局等，參賽者需要運用科學知識和綜合素養，構建合理的科學模型，制定詳細的實施方案，並對方案的可行性、有效性進行分析與評估。

（二）跨學科問題

1. 科學與工程結合：設置涉及科學與工程知識交叉的問題，如利用科學方法解決工程中的設計、製造、優化等問題，通過工程實踐驗證科學理論和方法，如運用物理學原理設計新型材料、利用生物學知識開發生物感測器。

2. 科學與其他學科融合：探索科學與其他學科的聯繫，設計跨學科問題，如在醫學中利用物理學原理進行診斷和治療、在環境科學中運用化學方法分析污染物的來源和遷移規律、在社會學中運用統計學方法研究社會現象和規律，培養參賽者跨學科運用知識的能力和綜合素養。

參賽者需扎實掌握科學基礎知識，熟練運用各類科學方法與思想，具備將科學知識應用於實際問題的能力，並勇於挑戰創新，突破思維定式。大賽通過設置具有挑戰性的題目，激發學生的創新思維，鼓勵學生不斷探索科學新領域，力求在有限的競賽資源下，全面、高效地檢驗學生的科學素養和綜合能力，避免考查內容的繁瑣與重複，做到精准、有效地考核。
 

In this 2025 Science Competition, the topics cover a wide range, comprehensively encompassing many important areas within the scientific field. From the examination of basic knowledge to advanced technical analysis and the interpretation of difficult problems, the competition aims to fully tap the scientific potential of the participants and showcase the depth and breadth of scientific knowledge. The specific content is as follows:

I. Basic Knowledge

(一) Mathematical Basics

Numbers and Algebra: Master the four arithmetic operations of integers, decimals, and fractions, including the operation order and simple algorithms in mixed operations. Have a deep understanding of number systems such as binary, decimal, and hexadecimal, and be able to accurately convert between different number systems. For example, efficiently convert hexadecimal numbers into binary and decimal numbers, and be able to flexibly apply number system knowledge in practical situations to solve problems related to computer encoding, data storage, etc.

Algebraic Expressions and Equations: Clearly distinguish the concepts and operation rules of integral expressions, fractional expressions, radical expressions, etc., and be able to accurately simplify and evaluate algebraic expressions. Have a profound understanding of the connotations of equations and systems of equations, and be proficient in using common equation models such as linear equations in one variable, systems of linear equations in two variables, and quadratic equations in one variable to solve practical application problems. For example, construct equations to find the unknowns in travel problems, engineering problems, and sales profit problems.

Fundamentals of Functions: Grasp the basic concepts of functions accurately, including elements such as the domain, range, and correspondence. Study in-depth the expressions, graph characteristics, and properties of linear functions, quadratic functions, and inverse proportional functions. Be able to analyze the quantitative change relationships in practical problems according to the properties of functions. For example, use the maximum and minimum properties of quadratic functions to solve optimization problems, and analyze the linear change trends through the monotonicity of linear functions.

(二) Physical Basics

Mechanics: Have a thorough understanding of the concept of force, the composition and decomposition of forces, and master Newton's laws of motion. Be able to use this knowledge to analyze the force conditions and motion states of objects, such as solving problems of objects moving on inclined planes and projectile motion problems.

Thermodynamics: Be familiar with concepts such as temperature, heat, and internal energy, master the first and second laws of thermodynamics, understand the three ways of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation), and be able to analyze thermal phenomena and solve related problems, such as calculating the heat absorbed or released by an object and analyzing the efficiency of a heat engine.

Electromagnetism: Master the basic concepts and properties of electric fields and magnetic fields, understand the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction and Lenz's law, and be able to use electromagnetic knowledge to solve related problems, such as analyzing the relationships among current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit and calculating the electromotive force in electromagnetic induction.

Optics: Understand phenomena such as the rectilinear propagation, reflection, and refraction of light, master the wave-particle duality of light, and be able to use optical knowledge to solve related problems, such as analyzing the imaging of lenses and the interference and diffraction phenomena of light.

(三) Chemical Basics

Basic Chemical Concepts: Have a clear understanding of basic concepts such as atoms, molecules, and ions, master the structure of the periodic table of elements and the periodic law of elements, and be able to use this knowledge to analyze the properties of elements and the composition of compounds.

Principles of Chemical Reactions: Be familiar with the concepts of the rate of chemical reactions and chemical equilibrium, master the factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions and chemical equilibrium, and be able to use the principles of chemical reactions to solve related problems, such as calculating the rate of chemical reactions and determining the direction of the shift of chemical equilibrium.

Chemical Experiments: Master the basic operation skills of chemical experiments, such as the use of instruments, the handling of chemicals, the recording and processing of experimental data, etc., and be able to design and carry out simple chemical experiments, such as preparing gases, separating mixtures, and testing the properties of substances.

(四) Biological Basics

Cell Biology: Have a thorough understanding of the structure and function of cells, master the processes of cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and be able to use cell biology knowledge to analyze life phenomena, such as cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and the regulation of the cell cycle.

Genetics: Be familiar with the basic laws of inheritance, such as Mendel's laws of inheritance, the law of linkage and crossing-over of genes, etc., master the process of the transmission and expression of genetic information, and be able to use genetic knowledge to solve related problems, such as the analysis of genetic pedigree charts and the application of genetic engineering.

Ecology: Understand the structure and function of ecosystems, master the processes of energy flow, material cycling, and information transfer in ecosystems, and be able to use ecological knowledge to analyze ecological problems, such as the stability of ecosystems and the protection of biodiversity.

II. Scientific Methods and Ideas

(一) Logical Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning: Strictly follow the rules of deductive reasoning, starting from known definitions, theorems, and axioms, and gradually deriving conclusions through step-by-step reasoning. Be able to accurately use reasoning forms such as syllogisms for proof. For example, in a physical proof, based on the given conditions and existing physical theorems, systematically derive the proposition to be proved.

Inductive Reasoning and Analogical Reasoning: Be good at observing and analyzing a series of specific examples, and summarize general laws or conclusions through induction. For example, by observing multiple chemical reactions, summarize the types and laws of chemical reactions. At the same time, be able to use the method of analogical reasoning, based on the similarities of two types of objects in certain aspects, infer that they may also have similar properties in other aspects. For example, make an analogy between the ecological system of the Earth and the ecological systems of other planets.

(二) Scientific Modeling

Model Construction: When facing practical problems, be able to keenly analyze the quantitative relationships and spatial forms in the problems, and select appropriate scientific models to describe them. For example, use physical models to describe the motion of objects, use chemical models to analyze the process of chemical reactions, and use biological models to study the growth and reproduction of organisms.

Model Solution and Verification: Be proficient in using the learned scientific knowledge to solve the constructed models and obtain the theoretical solutions to the problems. And be able to substitute the theoretical solutions into the actual situations for verification, check the rationality and effectiveness of the models, and adjust and optimize the models according to the verification results to ensure that the models can accurately reflect the actual problems.

(三) Scientific Inquiry

Raising Questions: Be able to discover problems from real life or scientific research, and raise research questions that are scientific and feasible.

Making Hypotheses: Based on existing knowledge and experience, make reasonable hypotheses about the research questions.

Designing Experiments: Be able to design reasonable experimental plans according to the research questions and hypotheses, including the selection of experimental materials, the arrangement of experimental steps, the collection and analysis methods of experimental data, etc.

Conducting Experiments: Be able to carry out experimental operations according to the experimental plan, accurately collect experimental data, and sort out and analyze the experimental data.

Drawing Conclusions: Be able to draw scientific conclusions based on the experimental data and analysis results, and explain and discuss the conclusions.

Reflection and Evaluation: Be able to reflect on and evaluate the experimental process and results, summarize experiences and lessons, and propose improvement measures and directions for further research.

III. Advanced Knowledge and Applications

(一) Frontiers of Physics

Quantum Mechanics: Understand the basic concepts and principles of quantum mechanics, such as quantum states, wave-particle duality, and the uncertainty principle, etc., and be able to use quantum mechanics knowledge to analyze the phenomena and laws in the microscopic world, such as the atomic structure and quantum computing.

Relativity: Master the basic principles of special relativity and general relativity, such as time dilation, length contraction, and the gravitational field, etc., and be able to use the knowledge of relativity to analyze the phenomena and laws in high-speed motion and strong gravitational fields, such as cosmology and black holes.

Condensed Matter Physics: Understand the basic concepts and research methods of condensed matter physics, such as crystal structures, electronic states, and superconductivity, etc., and be able to use the knowledge of condensed matter physics to analyze the physical properties and applications of materials, such as semiconductors and superconductors.

(二) Frontiers of Chemistry

Materials Chemistry: Understand the basic concepts and research methods of materials chemistry, such as the synthesis of materials, the relationship between structure and properties, etc., and be able to use materials chemistry knowledge to design and prepare new materials, such as nanomaterials and composite materials.

Biochemistry: Master the basic concepts and research methods of biochemistry, such as the structure and function of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes, and be able to use biochemistry knowledge to analyze the chemical reactions and regulatory mechanisms in the life process, such as gene expression and metabolic regulation.

Environmental Chemistry: Understand the basic concepts and research methods of environmental chemistry, such as the sources, migration, and transformation laws of environmental pollution, etc., and be able to use environmental chemistry knowledge to analyze environmental problems and propose solutions, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution.

(三) Frontiers of Biology

Molecular Biology: Master the basic concepts and research methods of molecular biology, such as the processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation, etc., and be able to use molecular biology knowledge to analyze the structure and function of genes, such as gene editing and gene therapy.

Cell Biology: Understand the latest research progress in cell biology, such as cell signaling transduction, apoptosis, stem cells, etc., and be able to use cell biology knowledge to analyze the life activities and regulatory mechanisms of cells, such as the occurrence and treatment of cancer.

Ecology: Master the latest research progress in ecology, such as the service functions of ecosystems, the protection and utilization of biodiversity, etc., and be able to use ecological knowledge to analyze ecological problems and propose solutions, such as climate change and ecological restoration.

(四) Science and Society

Science and Technology and Social Development: Understand the impact of science and technology on social development, such as the Industrial Revolution, the Information Technology Revolution, etc., and be able to analyze the applications and roles of science and technology in fields such as the economy, culture, and education, such as technological innovation and science and technology policies.

Scientific Ethics and Morality: Understand the basic concepts and principles of scientific ethics and morality, such as scientific research integrity, the ethics of animal experiments, etc., and be able to analyze the ethical problems and moral dilemmas in scientific research, such as the ethical issues of gene editing and the ethical issues of human embryonic stem cell research.

Science Education and Popularization: Understand the importance and methods of science education and popularization, such as the design of science courses and science communication, etc., and be able to analyze the problems and challenges in science education and popularization, such as improving the scientific literacy of the public and cultivating scientific talents.

IV. Challenging Questions and Innovative Thinking

(一) Open-ended Questions

Problem Exploration: Set open-ended scientific questions, requiring participants to think and explore from different angles and propose multiple possible solutions or conclusions. For example, given a scientific scenario, explore the possible scientific laws, relationships, or models within it. Encourage participants to give full play to their innovative thinking, not be restricted by traditional problem-solving ideas, and try new methods and approaches.

Scheme Design: Put forward open-ended tasks in practical application scenarios, such as designing an urban traffic flow optimization scheme or planning the layout of an ecological park. Participants need to use scientific knowledge and comprehensive literacy, construct reasonable scientific models, formulate detailed implementation plans, and analyze and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the plans.

(二) Interdisciplinary Questions

Combination of Science and Engineering: Set questions involving the intersection of scientific and engineering knowledge, such as using scientific methods to solve problems in engineering design, manufacturing, optimization, etc., and verifying scientific theories and methods through engineering practice. For example, use the principles of physics to design new materials and use biological knowledge to develop biosensors.

Integration of Science and Other Disciplines: Explore the connections between science and other disciplines and design interdisciplinary questions. For example, use the principles of physics for diagnosis and treatment in medicine, use chemical methods to analyze the sources and migration laws of pollutants in environmental science, and use statistical methods to study social phenomena and laws in sociology, so as to cultivate participants' ability to apply knowledge across disciplines and their comprehensive literacy.

Participants are required to have a solid grasp of basic scientific knowledge, be proficient in using various scientific methods and ideas, have the ability to apply scientific knowledge to practical problems, and be brave enough to challenge and innovate, breaking through the limitations of traditional thinking. By setting challenging questions, the competition aims to stimulate students' innovative thinking, encourage students to continuously explore new scientific fields, and strive to comprehensively and efficiently test students' scientific literacy and comprehensive abilities within the limited competition resources. It avoids the complexity and repetition of the examination content, achieving accurate and effective assessment.