2025國際兒童及青少年中國歷史大賽2025 International Children and Youth Chinese History Competition

本次 2025 歷史大賽，題目範圍極為廣泛，全面覆蓋歷史領域多個關鍵板塊，從基礎知識考查到高階的歷史分析及難題解讀，旨在充分挖掘參賽者的歷史潛能，展現歷史知識的深度與廣度，具體內容如下：​

一、基礎知識​

（一）世界歷史​

古代文明：深入瞭解古代埃及、古代巴比倫、古代印度、古代中國等四大文明古國的起源、發展脈絡與獨特文化。熟悉古埃及的金字塔建築、象形文字，古巴比倫的《漢謨拉比法典》，古印度的種姓制度，古代中國的甲骨文、青銅器等重要文化成果。同時，掌握古希臘、古羅馬文明在政治、經濟、文化、哲學等方面的成就，如古希臘的民主政治、哲學思想，古羅馬的法律體系、建築風格。​

中世紀歷史：清晰知曉中世紀歐洲的封建制度、基督教的發展及影響，理解莊園經濟、騎士制度的運作模式。瞭解同一時期亞洲、非洲、美洲等地區的歷史發展，如亞洲的阿拉伯帝國、日本的幕府統治，非洲的桑海帝國，美洲的瑪雅文明、阿茲特克文明、印加文明等的特色與成就。​

近現代世界史：全面掌握新航路開闢的背景、過程及對世界格局的深遠影響，包括對國際貿易、殖民擴張、文化交流等方面的推動作用。深刻理解文藝復興、宗教改革、啟蒙運動等思想解放運動的核心主張、發展歷程及對社會變革的促進作用。熟悉英國資產階級革命、美國獨立戰爭、法國大革命等重大政治革命的起因、經過和結果，以及工業革命對生產力、社會結構、國際關係帶來的巨大變革。同時，關注 19 世紀末 20 世紀初帝國主義列強的擴張與矛盾，以及兩次世界大戰的爆發原因、主要進程和影響。​
 

（二）中國歷史​

古代史：透徹理解中國古代從原始社會到明清時期的朝代更迭、政治制度演變，如從禪讓制到世襲制的轉變，分封制、郡縣制、三省六部制等政治制度的特點與作用。熟悉各朝代在經濟、文化、科技等方面的成就，如春秋戰國時期的百家爭鳴，秦漢時期的大一統文化，隋唐時期的詩歌繁榮、科技發明（如雕版印刷術），宋元時期的經濟重心南移、宋詞元曲，明清時期的小說創作、西方科技傳入等。​

近代史：深入學習鴉片戰爭、第二次鴉片戰爭、甲午中日戰爭、八國聯軍侵華戰爭等列強侵華戰爭的背景、經過、結果及對中國社會性質的深刻影響。全面理解太平天國運動、洋務運動、戊戌變法、義和團運動、辛亥革命等中國人民的抗爭與探索，掌握這些運動的起因、主要內容、歷史意義及局限性。​

現代史：清晰瞭解五四運動的起因、經過和歷史意義，掌握中國共產黨的成立背景、發展歷程及領導中國人民取得新民主主義革命勝利的過程。熟悉新中國成立後的政治、經濟、文化建設，如社會主義制度的建立、一五計畫、三大改造、改革開放等重大歷史事件的內容與影響。​
 

（三）歷史研究方法與史料分析​

史料分類與價值：熟練掌握實物史料（如文物、遺址）、文獻史料（如史書、檔案）、口述史料（如傳說、回憶錄）等不同類型史料的特點與價值。能夠準確判斷各類史料在研究特定歷史問題時的可信度和局限性，例如分析出土文物對研究古代社會生產生活的直接證據價值，以及文獻史料可能存在的主觀偏見問題。​

史料分析方法：學會運用多種方法對史料進行分析，包括對文獻史料的文本解讀，如分析史書的編纂目的、作者立場對記載內容的影響；對實物史料的觀察與解讀，如通過文物的形制、工藝推測當時的生產技術和審美觀念。能夠從不同類型史料中提取有效資訊，並對相互矛盾的史料進行辨析與考證，以形成對歷史事件或現象的準確認識。​
 

二、歷史分析方法與思維​

（一）歷史因果分析​

因果關係梳理：善於從歷史事件的背景、原因、經過和結果等方面，梳理清晰歷史發展的因果邏輯鏈條。例如分析工業革命在英國率先發生的原因，包括政治前提（資產階級統治的確立）、資本積累、市場需求、技術積累等多方面因素，以及工業革命對英國及世界經濟、政治、社會結構產生的深遠影響。能夠準確區分主要原因與次要原因、直接原因與間接原因，以及必然性因素與偶然性因素在歷史發展中的作用。​

歷史發展規律探尋：通過對一系列歷史事件和現象的因果分析，歸納總結出歷史發展的一般規律。如從不同國家和地區的社會變革歷程中，總結出生產力與生產關係、經濟基礎與上層建築之間的相互作用規律，以及社會形態從低級向高級發展的規律。能夠運用這些規律對歷史發展趨勢進行合理推測和解釋。​
 

（二）歷史比較研究​

橫向比較：能夠對同一時期不同國家或地區的歷史進行橫向比較，分析它們在政治、經濟、文化等方面的異同點。例如比較古代中國和古希臘在政治制度上的差異（中國的中央集權制度與古希臘的城邦民主制度），以及這種差異對各自文化發展路徑的影響。通過橫向比較，理解不同文明的獨特性和多樣性，以及人類社會發展的多元模式。​

縱向比較：熟練對同一國家或地區不同歷史時期的發展進行縱向比較，分析其歷史演變過程中的延續性與變革性。例如對比中國古代秦漢時期和隋唐時期的政治制度、經濟發展、文化特點，探討這些方面在歷史進程中的傳承與創新，以及背後的推動因素。通過縱向比較，把握歷史發展的階段性特徵和內在邏輯。​
 

（三）歷史解釋與評價​

歷史解釋構建：能夠基於對歷史史料的分析和歷史分析方法的運用，構建合理的歷史解釋。在解釋歷史事件或現象時，充分考慮當時的歷史背景、社會環境、文化傳統等因素，避免以今人的觀念和標準簡單評判歷史。例如對古代某一政治制度的解釋，要從其產生的歷史需求、運行機制以及對當時社會秩序的維護或變革作用等多方面進行闡述。​

歷史人物與事件評價：掌握客觀、全面評價歷史人物和事件的方法，避免片面、絕對的評價。評價歷史人物時，要綜合考慮其在不同歷史時期的行為、決策及其對社會發展的影響，既看到其功績，也不忽視其局限性。例如評價秦始皇，既要肯定其統一六國、建立中央集權制度等歷史貢獻，也要認識到其統治時期的暴政對人民造成的苦難。評價歷史事件時，要從政治、經濟、文化、社會等多個維度進行分析，全面評估其歷史意義和影響。​
 

三、高階知識與應用​

（一）專題史研究​

經濟史專題：深入學習不同歷史時期世界各國的經濟發展模式與特點，如古代農業經濟的發展演變（包括農業生產工具的改進、水利設施的建設、土地制度的變遷等），近現代工業經濟的興起與發展（工業革命的推動、產業結構的調整、企業組織形式的變化等），以及商業貿易在不同歷史階段的發展狀況（絲綢之路、新航路開闢後的國際貿易、經濟全球化趨勢下的貿易格局等）。能夠運用經濟史知識分析歷史上經濟發展與政治、文化、社會變革之間的相互關係，如工業革命對資本主義政治制度完善和社會階級結構變化的影響。​

文化史專題：全面瞭解世界各國文化的起源、發展與交流融合過程，包括宗教文化（如佛教、基督教、伊斯蘭教的傳播與演變）、思想文化（如西方哲學思想的發展脈絡、中國古代儒家、道家、法家等思想流派的傳承與創新）、科技文化（古代四大發明對世界文明發展的貢獻、近現代科學技術的重大突破及其對社會生活的改變）、文學藝術（如不同時期的文學體裁、繪畫風格、音樂流派等）。能夠分析文化在歷史發展中的傳承性與創新性，以及文化交流對不同國家和地區文化發展的促進作用，如佛教傳入中國後對中國哲學、文學、藝術等方面的深遠影響。​

社會史專題：深入研究歷史上社會結構、社會生活、社會變遷等方面的內容，如古代社會的階級結構（奴隸社會的奴隸主與奴隸、封建社會的地主與農民）、社會階層流動機制，近現代社會的城市化進程、人口變遷、家庭結構變化、社會福利制度的發展等。能夠運用社會史知識分析社會現象背後的深層次原因，以及社會變遷對政治、經濟、文化發展的影響，如工業革命推動下的城市化進程對社會生活方式、社會關係帶來的巨大變革。​
 

（二）歷史與現實聯繫​

歷史經驗借鑒：能夠從歷史事件和發展過程中總結經驗教訓，為現實社會的發展提供借鑒。例如從歷史上不同國家的改革實踐中，總結改革成功或失敗的原因，為當前國家的改革政策制定提供參考。分析歷史上的國際關係演變，如兩次世界大戰的教訓，對當今世界和平與發展主題下國際關係的構建和國際秩序的維護提供啟示。​

歷史文化傳承與創新：深刻理解歷史文化遺產對現代社會的價值，掌握歷史文化傳承與創新的方法和途徑。例如如何保護和利用古代建築、文物古跡等物質文化遺產，以及如何傳承和弘揚傳統手工藝、民俗文化等非物質文化遺產。同時，能夠探討在現代社會背景下，如何對歷史文化進行創新發展，使其更好地融入現代生活，如將傳統文化元素融入現代設計、文化創意產業等領域。​
 

四、挑戰題與創新思維​

（一）開放性問題​

問題探索：設置具有開放性的歷史問題，要求參賽者從不同角度進行思考與探索，提出多種可能的解決方案或結論。例如，給定一個歷史時期的社會現象，探索其背後可能存在的多種因素及相互關係，鼓勵參賽者發揮創新思維，不拘泥於傳統的歷史解釋，嘗試從新的理論視角、研究方法出發，提出獨特的見解。​

方案設計：提出實際應用場景下的開放性任務，如設計一個歷史文化街區的保護與開發方案、規劃一場歷史主題展覽的內容與形式等，參賽者需要運用歷史知識和綜合素養，結合現代社會需求和審美觀念，制定詳細的實施方案，並對方案的可行性、文化價值、社會經濟效益等方面進行分析與評估。
​

（二）跨學科問題​

歷史與地理結合：設置涉及歷史與地理知識交叉的問題，如分析地理環境對歷史發展的影響，包括自然地理條件（地形、氣候、資源分佈等）對古代文明起源、發展路徑以及經濟活動類型的影響，以及人文地理因素（交通路線、城市分佈、人口遷移等）與歷史事件的相互作用。例如探討絲綢之路的開闢與沿線地理環境的關係，以及絲綢之路對沿途地區經濟、文化交流的促進作用。​

歷史與其他學科融合：探索歷史與政治、經濟、文化、社會學、心理學等其他學科的聯繫，設計跨學科問題。如從政治學角度分析歷史上政治制度演變的動力與制約因素，從經濟學角度解讀歷史上經濟政策對社會經濟發展的影響，從文化學角度探討歷史文化傳播與認同的機制，從社會學角度研究歷史上社會階層結構變化對社會穩定和變革的作用，從心理學角度分析歷史人物的決策行為和心理動機等，培養參賽者跨學科運用知識的能力和綜合素養。​

參賽者需扎實掌握歷史基礎知識，熟練運用各類歷史分析方法與思維，具備將歷史知識應用於實際問題的能力，並勇於挑戰創新，突破思維定式。大賽通過設置具有挑戰性的題目，激發學生的創新思維，鼓勵學生不斷探索歷史新領域，力求在有限的競賽資源下，全面、高效地檢驗學生的歷史素養和綜合能力，避免考查內容的繁瑣與重複，做到精准、有效地考核。​
 

The scope of questions in this 2025 History Competition is extremely extensive, comprehensively covering multiple key areas of the historical field. It ranges from the examination of basic knowledge to advanced historical analysis and the interpretation of difficult problems. The aim is to fully tap the historical potential of the participants and showcase the depth and breadth of historical knowledge. The specific content is as follows:

I. Basic Knowledge

(1) World History

Ancient Civilizations: Have an in-depth understanding of the origins, development trajectories, and unique cultures of the four major ancient civilizations, namely ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, ancient India, and ancient China. Be familiar with important cultural achievements such as the pyramid architecture and hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt, the Code of Hammurabi of ancient Babylon, the caste system of ancient India, and the oracle bone inscriptions and bronze wares of ancient China. At the same time, master the achievements of ancient Greek and ancient Roman civilizations in politics, economy, culture, philosophy, and other aspects. For example, the democratic politics and philosophical thoughts of ancient Greece, and the legal system and architectural styles of ancient Rome.

 

Medieval History: Have a clear understanding of the feudal system in medieval Europe, the development and influence of Christianity, and understand the operation models of manorial economy and the knight system. Be aware of the historical development in regions such as Asia, Africa, and the Americas during the same period. For example, the characteristics and achievements of the Arab Empire in Asia, the shogunate rule in Japan, the Songhai Empire in Africa, and the Maya civilization, Aztec civilization, and Inca civilization in the Americas.

 

Modern and Contemporary World History: Comprehensively master the background, process, and far-reaching impact of the Age of Exploration on the world pattern, including its promoting effects on international trade, colonial expansion, and cultural exchanges. Deeply understand the core propositions, development processes, and promoting effects on social changes of ideological emancipation movements such as the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Enlightenment. Be familiar with the causes, processes, and results of major political revolutions such as the English bourgeois revolution, the American War of Independence, and the French Revolution, as well as the great changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution in terms of productive forces, social structure, and international relations. At the same time, pay attention to the expansion and contradictions of imperialist powers at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, as well as the causes, main processes, and impacts of the two World Wars.

 

(2) Chinese History

Ancient History: Have a thorough understanding of the dynastic changes and the evolution of political systems in ancient China from primitive society to the Ming and Qing dynasties. For example, understand the transformation from the abdication system to the hereditary system, and the characteristics and functions of political systems such as the enfeoffment system, the county system, and the Three Departments and Six Ministries system. Be familiar with the achievements of each dynasty in economy, culture, science and technology, etc. For example, the Contention of a Hundred Schools of Thought during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the unified culture during the Qin and Han dynasties, the prosperity of poetry and scientific inventions (such as block printing) during the Sui and Tang dynasties, the southward shift of the economic center, Ci poetry of the Song Dynasty and Qu of the Yuan Dynasty during the Song and Yuan dynasties, the novel creation and the introduction of Western science and technology during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

 

Modern History: Study in-depth the background, process, results, and profound impacts on China's social nature of the wars of aggression by foreign powers such as the Opium War, the Second Opium War, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and the Allied Forces of the Eight Nations' Invasion of China. Comprehensively understand the resistance and explorations of the Chinese people such as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898, the Boxer Rebellion, and the Xinhai Revolution. Master the causes, main contents, historical significance, and limitations of these movements.

 

Contemporary History: Have a clear understanding of the causes, process, and historical significance of the May 4th Movement. Master the background of the founding of the Communist Party of China, its development process, and the process of leading the Chinese people to achieve victory in the New Democratic Revolution. Be familiar with the political, economic, and cultural construction after the founding of the People's Republic of China. For example, the establishment of the socialist system, the First Five-Year Plan, the Three Major Transformations, the Reform and Opening-up, and other major historical events, as well as their contents and impacts.

 

(3) Historical Research Methods and Historical Materials Analysis

Classification and Value of Historical Materials: Master proficiently the characteristics and values of different types of historical materials, such as physical historical materials (such as cultural relics and ruins), documentary historical materials (such as historical books and archives), and oral historical materials (such as legends and memoirs). Be able to accurately judge the credibility and limitations of various types of historical materials when studying specific historical issues. For example, analyze the direct evidential value of unearthed cultural relics for studying the production and living conditions of ancient societies, as well as the possible problems of subjective bias in documentary historical materials.

 

Methods of Historical Materials Analysis: Learn to use a variety of methods to analyze historical materials, including the textual interpretation of documentary historical materials. For example, analyze the compilation purposes of historical books and the influence of the authors' stances on the recorded contents; and the observation and interpretation of physical historical materials. For example, infer the production technology and aesthetic concepts of the time through the shape and craftsmanship of cultural relics. Be able to extract effective information from different types of historical materials, and distinguish and verify contradictory historical materials to form an accurate understanding of historical events or phenomena.

 

II. Historical Analysis Methods and Thinking

(1) Historical Causal Analysis

Sorting out Causal Relationships: Be good at sorting out the clear causal logic chains of historical development from aspects such as the background, causes, processes, and results of historical events. For example, analyze the reasons for the Industrial Revolution to occur first in Britain, including political prerequisites (the establishment of bourgeois rule), capital accumulation, market demand, technological accumulation, and other factors, as well as the far-reaching impacts of the Industrial Revolution on the economy, politics, and social structure of Britain and the world. Be able to accurately distinguish between main and secondary causes, direct and indirect causes, and the roles of inevitable and accidental factors in historical development.

 

Exploring Historical Development Laws: Through the causal analysis of a series of historical events and phenomena, summarize the general laws of historical development. For example, from the social change processes of different countries and regions, summarize the interaction laws between productive forces and production relations, and between the economic base and the superstructure, as well as the law of the development of social formations from lower to higher levels. Be able to use these laws to reasonably speculate and explain historical development trends.

 

(2) Historical Comparative Studies

Horizontal Comparison: Be able to conduct horizontal comparisons of the histories of different countries or regions in the same period, and analyze their similarities and differences in politics, economy, culture, and other aspects. For example, compare the differences in political systems between ancient China and ancient Greece (China's centralized system and ancient Greece's city-state democratic system), and the impacts of such differences on the development paths of their respective cultures. Through horizontal comparisons, understand the uniqueness and diversity of different civilizations, as well as the pluralistic models of human social development.

 

Vertical Comparison: Be proficient in conducting vertical comparisons of the development of the same country or region in different historical periods, and analyze the continuity and changes in its historical evolution process. For example, compare the political systems, economic development, and cultural characteristics of the Qin and Han dynasties and the Sui and Tang dynasties in ancient China, explore the inheritance and innovation of these aspects in the historical process, as well as the driving factors behind them. Through vertical comparisons, grasp the stage characteristics and internal logic of historical development.

 

(3) Historical Interpretation and Evaluation

Constructing Historical Interpretations: Be able to construct reasonable historical interpretations based on the analysis of historical materials and the application of historical analysis methods. When interpreting historical events or phenomena, fully consider factors such as the historical background, social environment, and cultural traditions of the time, and avoid simply judging history by modern people's concepts and standards. For example, when interpreting a certain political system in ancient times, elaborate on it from multiple aspects such as its historical needs for emergence, operation mechanism, and the role in maintaining or changing the social order at that time.

 

Evaluating Historical Figures and Events: Master the methods of objectively and comprehensively evaluating historical figures and events, and avoid one-sided and absolute evaluations. When evaluating historical figures, comprehensively consider their behaviors, decisions, and impacts on social development in different historical periods. See both their achievements and not ignore their limitations. For example, when evaluating Emperor Qin Shi Huang, not only should his historical contributions such as unifying the six states and establishing the centralized system be affirmed, but also the hardships caused to the people by his tyranny during his reign should be recognized. When evaluating historical events, analyze them from multiple dimensions such as politics, economy, culture, and society, and comprehensively assess their historical significance and impacts.

 

III. Advanced Knowledge and Applications

(1) Thematic Historical Studies

Thematic Studies in Economic History: Study in-depth the economic development models and characteristics of various countries in the world in different historical periods. For example, the development and evolution of the ancient agricultural economy (including the improvement of agricultural production tools, the construction of water conservancy facilities, and the changes in land systems), the rise and development of the modern industrial economy (driven by the Industrial Revolution, the adjustment of industrial structures, and the changes in enterprise organizational forms), and the development status of commercial trade in different historical stages (the Silk Road, international trade after the Age of Exploration, and the trade pattern under the trend of economic globalization). Be able to use economic history knowledge to analyze the mutual relationships between historical economic development and political, cultural, and social changes. For example, the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the improvement of the capitalist political system and the changes in the social class structure.

 

Thematic Studies in Cultural History: Have a comprehensive understanding of the origins, development, and process of cultural exchanges and integrations of various countries in the world, including religious cultures (such as the spread and evolution of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam), ideological cultures (such as the development trajectories of Western philosophical thoughts, and the inheritance and innovation of Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, and other ideological schools in ancient China), scientific and technological cultures (the contributions of the Four Great Inventions in ancient China to the development of world civilization, and the major breakthroughs in modern science and technology and their changes to social life), and literature and art (such as different literary genres, painting styles, and music genres in different periods). Be able to analyze the inheritance and innovation of culture in historical development, as well as the promoting effects of cultural exchanges on the cultural development of different countries and regions. For example, the profound impacts of the introduction of Buddhism into China on Chinese philosophy, literature, art, and other aspects.

 

Thematic Studies in Social History: Study in-depth the contents of social structure, social life, social changes, and other aspects in history. For example, the class structure in ancient society (slave owners and slaves in slave society, landlords and peasants in feudal society), the social class mobility mechanism, the urbanization process, population changes, family structure changes, and the development of the social welfare system in modern and contemporary society. Be able to use social history knowledge to analyze the deep-seated reasons behind social phenomena, as well as the impacts of social changes on political, economic, and cultural development. For example, the huge changes brought about by the urbanization process driven by the Industrial Revolution to social lifestyles and social relations.

 

(2) The Connection between History and Reality

Learning from Historical Experiences: Be able to summarize experiences and lessons from historical events and development processes, and provide references for the development of contemporary society. For example, from the reform practices of different countries in history, summarize the reasons for the success or failure of reforms, and provide references for the formulation of current national reform policies. Analyze the evolution of international relations in history, such as the lessons of the two World Wars, and provide inspirations for the construction of international relations and the maintenance of international order under the theme of peace and development in today's world.

 

Inheriting and Innovating Historical Culture: Have a deep understanding of the value of historical and cultural heritage to modern society, and master the methods and approaches of inheriting and innovating historical culture. For example, how to protect and utilize material cultural heritages such as ancient buildings and cultural relics, and how to inherit and carry forward intangible cultural heritages such as traditional handicrafts and folk cultures. At the same time, be able to explore how to innovate and develop historical culture in the context of modern society, so that it can better integrate into modern life. For example, integrating traditional cultural elements into modern design, cultural and creative industries, and other fields.

 

IV. Challenge Questions and Innovative Thinking

(1) Open-ended Questions

Problem Exploration: Set open-ended historical questions that require participants to think and explore from different angles and propose multiple possible solutions or conclusions. For example, given a social phenomenon in a certain historical period, explore the possible multiple factors behind it and their mutual relationships. Encourage participants to give full play to their innovative thinking, not be restricted by traditional historical interpretations, and try to put forward unique insights from new theoretical perspectives and research methods.

 

Scheme Design: Put forward open-ended tasks in practical application scenarios, such as designing a protection and development scheme for a historical and cultural block, or planning the content and form of a historical-themed exhibition. Participants need to use historical knowledge and comprehensive literacy, combine with the needs of modern society and aesthetic concepts, formulate detailed implementation plans, and analyze and evaluate the feasibility, cultural value, social and economic benefits, etc. of the plans.

 

(2) Interdisciplinary Questions

Integration of History and Geography: Set questions involving the intersection of historical and geographical knowledge, such as analyzing the impact of the geographical environment on historical development, including the impacts of natural geographical conditions (terrain, climate, resource distribution, etc.) on the origins, development paths of ancient civilizations, and the types of economic activities, as well as the interactions between human geographical factors (traffic routes, urban distribution, population migration, etc.) and historical events. For example, explore the relationship between the opening of the Silk Road and the geographical environment along the route, and the promoting effects of the Silk Road on economic and cultural exchanges in the regions along the route.

 

Integration of History with Other Disciplines: Explore the connections between history and other disciplines such as politics, economy, culture, sociology, and psychology, and design interdisciplinary questions. For example, analyze the driving forces and restrictive factors of the evolution of historical political systems from the perspective of political science, interpret the impacts of historical economic policies on social and economic development from the perspective of economics, explore the mechanisms of historical and cultural dissemination and identity from the perspective of cultural studies, study the role of historical social class structure changes in social stability and transformation from the perspective of sociology, and analyze the decision-making behaviors and psychological motivations of historical figures from the perspective of psychology, etc. Cultivate participants' ability to apply knowledge across disciplines and their comprehensive literacy.

 

Participants need to have a solid grasp of basic historical knowledge, be proficient in using various historical analysis methods and thinking, possess the ability to apply historical knowledge to practical problems, and have the courage to challenge and innovate, breaking through the limitations of traditional thinking. Through setting challenging questions, the competition aims to stimulate students' innovative thinking, encourage them to continuously explore new fields of history, and strive to comprehensively and efficiently test students' historical literacy and comprehensive abilities within the limited competition resources. It avoids the complexity and repetition of the examination content, and achieves accurate and effective assessment.