2025國際兒童及青少年金融菁英大賽2025 International Children and Youth Finance Talent Competition

本次國際兒童及青少年金融天才大賽旨在全面考查參賽選手的金融知識水平、思維能力和實踐應用能力，題目範圍廣泛且深入，具體涵蓋以下幾個關鍵領域：

 

金融基礎理論：

1. 基本概念：涵蓋貨幣的起源、本質與職能，例如闡述貨幣作為交換媒介在經濟活動中的關鍵作用；金融市場的構成要素，包括金融市場的主體（如投資者、金融機構等）、客體（各類金融工具）以及市場運行機制；利息與利率的概念及影響因素，分析利率變動對儲蓄和投資決策的影響。

2. 金融工具：熟悉常見金融工具的特點與應用，如股票的性質（所有權憑證）、收益方式（股息和資本利得）以及風險特征，分析不同行業股票的投資價值差異；債券的種類（國債、企業債等）、票面要素（票面利率、面值等）和定價原理，計算債券在不同市場利率下的價格；基金的分類（股票型基金、債券型基金、混合型基金等）和投資策略，探討如何根據個人風險偏好選擇合適的基金產品。

3. 金融計量：理解貨幣時間價值的概念，熟練運用複利終值、現值公式進行計算，如計算不同期限和利率下的投資終值；風險與收益的度量方法，包括標准差衡量風險、預期收益率衡量收益，通過案例分析如何在風險與收益之間進行權衡。

 

微觀金融：

1. 個人理財：制定個人理財規劃，包括現金規劃（合理確定現金持有量）、消費規劃（如貸款購房、購車的決策分析）、保險規劃（根據家庭情況選擇合適的保險產品）和投資規劃（資產配置方案設計）；分析個人所得稅的計算方法和稅收籌劃策略，如利用稅收優惠政策合理降低稅負。

2. 企業金融：企業融資方式的比較與選擇，如股權融資（發行股票）和債權融資（銀行貸款、發行債券）的優缺點，為企業制定融資方案；企業投資決策方法，如淨現值法（NPV）、內部收益率法（IRR）的應用，通過案例評估企業投資項目的可行性；財務報表分析，解讀資產負債表、利潤表和現金流量表，分析企業的財務狀況、盈利能力和償債能力。

 

宏觀金融：

1. 貨幣銀行學：中央銀行的職能與貨幣政策工具，如公開市場操作、法定存款准備金率調整對貨幣供應量和經濟的影響；商業銀行的業務運作，包括存款業務、貸款業務和中間業務，分析商業銀行的風險管理策略；貨幣供給與需求理論，探討貨幣供求失衡對通貨膨脹和經濟增長的影響。

2. 國際金融：外匯與匯率的概念，分析匯率波動對國際貿易和國際投資的影響；國際收支平衡表的結構與分析，探討國際收支失衡的原因和調節措施；國際金融市場的特點與發展趨勢，如國際股票市場、外匯市場的聯動關系。

 

金融市場與投資：

1. 金融市場分析：分析股票市場、債券市場、期貨市場、外匯市場等不同金融市場的特點和運行規律，預測市場走勢；研究金融市場的有效性理論，探討如何利用市場信息進行投資決策。

2. 投資組合管理：構建投資組合，運用現代投資組合理論（MPT）進行資產配置，實現風險分散和收益最大化；評估投資組合的業績，通過夏普比率、特雷諾比率等指標分析投資組合的表現。

 

金融案例分析與推理：

1. 基於金融原理的分析：依據有效市場假說，分析金融市場中信息的傳遞和價格的形成機制，解釋股票價格的波動原因；從風險管理理論出發，探討金融機構在面對市場風險、信用風險和操作風險時的應對策略。

2. 金融現象與政策的關聯：根據宏觀經濟數據和政策調整，分析金融市場的反應，如央行加息對債券價格和股票市場的影響；由金融市場的異常波動反推宏觀經濟政策的可能調整方向。

3. 跨知識模塊的綜合分析：結合微觀金融和宏觀金融知識，分析企業在國際金融環境下的融資和投資決策，如跨國企業如何應對匯率風險和利率風險；綜合金融市場和投資知識，解決複雜的投資問題，如設計多元化的投資方案以應對不同市場環境。

 

金融與社會熱點：

1. 金融科技：介紹金融科技的主要應用領域，如移動支付（微信支付、支付寶等）、區塊鏈技術在金融領域的應用（跨境支付、供應鏈金融等）、人工智能在風險管理和投資決策中的應用；探討金融科技對傳統金融行業的影響和挑戰，以及金融機構的應對策略。

2. 綠色金融：分析綠色金融在支持環境保護和可持續發展方面的作用，如綠色信貸、綠色債券的發行和應用；研究綠色金融產品的創新和發展趨勢，以及面臨的政策和市場障礙。

3. 普惠金融：了解普惠金融的概念和目標，探討如何通過金融創新擴大金融服務的覆蓋面，為小微企業和低收入群體提供金融支持；分析普惠金融在實踐中的成功案例和存在的問題。

 

解決實際相關金融問題：

1. 面對生活中的金融問題：針對個人購房貸款，運用金融知識計算不同還款方式（等額本金、等額本息）的利息支出和還款總額，給出合理的貸款建議；解決個人投資中的困惑，如如何選擇合適的投資理財產品，根據個人風險承受能力和投資目標制定投資計劃。

2. 針對企業經營中的金融問題：在企業融資過程中，考慮融資成本、融資風險和資金使用期限等因素，優化融資結構，如合理安排股權融資和債權融資的比例；分析企業在不同發展階段的金融需求和應對策略，如初創企業如何獲得風險投資，成熟企業如何進行資本運作。

 

參賽選手需要具備紮實的金融基礎知識，熟練運用金融分析方法和工具解決實際問題。大賽設置了具有挑戰性的題目，旨在激發學生的創新思維，鼓勵他們突破傳統思維模式，探索金融領域的新理論和新方法。同時，大賽力求在有限的考試資源下，全面、高效地檢驗學生的金融素養和能力，避免冗長和重複的內容，做到精准、有效地考核。

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The International Children and Teenagers Financial Genius Competition aims to comprehensively test the participants' financial knowledge, thinking ability and practical application ability, with a wide range of in-depth questions, specifically covering the following key areas:

 

 

Fundamental Theory of Finance:

• Basic concepts: covering the origin, nature and functions of money, for example, the key role of money as a medium of exchange in economic activities; the components of the financial market, including the subjects of the financial market (e.g., investors, financial institutions, etc.), the objects (various types of financial instruments), and the mechanism of the market; the concepts of interest and interest rates and their influencing factors, and analyzing the impact of changes in interest rates on savings and investment decisions.

• Financial instruments: familiar with the characteristics and applications of common financial instruments, such as the nature of stocks (ownership certificates), income methods (dividends and capital gains) and risk characteristics, and analyze the differences in the investment value of stocks in different industries; types of bonds (treasury bonds, corporate bonds, etc.), coupon elements (coupon interest rate, nominal value, etc.) and the pricing principle, and calculate the price of the bond at different market interest rates; classification of funds (equity funds, bond funds, bond funds, and investment funds); and the classification of funds (equity funds, bond funds, bond funds, and investment funds, etc.). Classification of funds (equity funds, bond funds, hybrid funds, etc.) and investment strategies, and how to choose appropriate fund products according to one's risk preferences.

• Financial Measurement: Understand the concept of time value of money, and be familiar with the use of compound final value and present value formulas, such as calculating the final value of an investment under different maturities and interest rates; measures of risk and return, including standard deviation to measure risk and expected return to measure return, and analyze how to trade off between risk and return through case studies.

 

 

Microfinance:

• Personal finance: personal finance planning, including cash planning (reasonable determination of cash holdings), consumption planning (e.g., decision-making analysis of loans for purchasing a house or a car), insurance planning (selection of suitable insurance products according to the family's situation), and investment planning (design of asset allocation schemes); analysis of the calculation method of personal income tax and tax planning strategies, such as the use of tax incentives to reasonably reduce the tax burden.

• Corporate Finance: Comparison and selection of corporate financing methods, such as the advantages and disadvantages of equity financing (stock issuance) and debt financing (bank loans, bond issuance), and formulation of financing plans for enterprises; corporate investment decision-making methods, such as the application of the Net Present Value (NPV) method and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method, and assessment of the feasibility of corporate investment projects through case studies; analysis of financial statements, interpretation of balance sheets, income statements and cash flow statements, and analysis of corporate investment projects; analysis of financial statements, interpretation of balance sheets, income statements and cash flow statements; analysis of corporate income tax calculation methods, such as utilizing preferential tax policies to reasonably reduce tax liabilities. Financial statement analysis, interpreting balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement to analyze the financial status, profitability and solvency of enterprises.

 

 

Macrofinance:

• Monetary banking: functions of central banks and monetary policy tools, such as open market operations, statutory deposit reserve ratio adjustments on the money supply and the economy; business operations of commercial banks, including deposit business, lending business and intermediary business, and analyzing the risk management strategies of commercial banks; theories of money supply and demand, and exploring the effects of imbalance between money supply and demand on inflation and economic growth.

• International Finance: Concepts of foreign exchange and exchange rates, analyzing the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on international trade and investment; structure and analysis of the balance of payments statement, exploring the causes of balance of payments imbalances and measures to adjust them; characteristics and development trends of the international financial market, such as the linkages between the international stock market and the foreign exchange market.

 

 

Financial Markets and Investment:

• Financial market analysis: analyze the characteristics and operating rules of different financial markets, such as the stock market, bond market, futures market, foreign exchange market, etc., and predict market trends; study the validity theory of the financial market, and explore how to utilize the market information to make investment decisions.

• Portfolio Management: Construct investment portfolios, apply Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) to asset allocation, achieve risk diversification and maximize returns; evaluate the performance of investment portfolios, and analyze the performance of investment portfolios through the Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, and other indicators.

 

 

Financial Case Analysis and Reasoning:

• Analysis based on financial principles: analyze the transmission of information and the price formation mechanism in the financial market according to the efficient market hypothesis, and explain the reasons for the fluctuation of stock prices; explore the response strategies of financial institutions in facing market risk, credit risk and operational risk from the perspective of risk management theory.

• Linkage between financial phenomena and policies: analyze the responses of financial markets based on macroeconomic data and policy adjustments, such as the impact of central bank interest rate hikes on bond prices and the stock market; deduce the possible direction of macroeconomic policy adjustments from the abnormal fluctuations in the financial markets.

 

Integrated analysis across knowledge modules:

• Combine microfinance and macrofinance knowledge to analyze the financing and investment decisions of enterprises in the international financial environment, e.g., how multinational enterprises can cope with exchange rate and interest rate risks; integrate financial market and investment knowledge to solve complex investment problems, e.g., designing diversified investment solutions to cope with different market environments.

 

 

Finance and Society Hot Topics:

• Fintech: introduce the main application areas of Fintech, such as mobile payment (WeChat Pay, Alipay, etc.), application of blockchain technology in finance (cross-border payment, supply chain finance, etc.), and application of artificial intelligence in risk management and investment decision-making; explore the impact and challenges of Fintech on the traditional financial industry, as well as the strategies of financial institutions to deal with them.

• Green Finance: Analyze the role of green finance in supporting environmental protection and sustainable development, such as the issuance and application of green credit and green bonds; study the innovation and development trend of green financial products, as well as the policy and market barriers faced.

• Inclusive Finance: Understand the concept and objectives of inclusive finance, explore how to expand the coverage of financial services through financial innovation and provide financial support to small and micro enterprises and low-income groups; analyze the successful cases and problems of inclusive finance in practice.

 

Solving Practical Financial Problems:

• Facing the financial problems in life: for personal housing loans, applying financial knowledge to calculate the interest expenses and total repayment amount of different repayment methods (equal principal and equal interest), and giving reasonable loan suggestions; solving the confusion of personal investment, such as how to choose suitable investment and financial products, and formulating an investment plan according to one's risk-tolerance ability and investment objectives.

• Focusing on the financial problems in enterprise operation: in the process of enterprise financing, considering factors such as financing cost, financing risk and capital usage period, optimizing the financing structure, such as reasonably arranging the proportion of equity financing and debt financing; analyzing the financial needs and strategies of enterprises at different stages of development, such as how to obtain risky investment for start-ups, and how to carry out capital operation for mature enterprises.

 

 

Participants are required to have solid basic knowledge of finance and be skilled in applying financial analysis methods and tools to solve practical problems. Challenging questions are set to stimulate students' innovative thinking and encourage them to break through the traditional mode of thinking and explore new theories and methods in the field of finance. At the same time, the competition strives to test students' financial literacy and ability in a comprehensive and efficient manner with limited examination resources, avoiding lengthy and repetitive content and achieving accurate and effective assessment.